Women as mothers and caretakers have always been seen as a fundamental part of society. To some, it is only natural that women provide caring and empathetic counterpoints to stoic male dominance. In a four-part series for The New York Times, Facebook CEO Sheryl Sandberg and University of Pennsylvania professor Adam Grant dissect women's roles in the workplace. Sandberg, known for her book Lean In, promotes women actively taking leadership roles in the workplace. Additionally, she urges men to take on supportive roles and be more aware of difficulties for women. In the piece "Madam C.E.O., Get Me a Coffee," Sandberg and Grant argue that women do more work than men, but are somehow rewarded less. To present their points, Sandberg and Grant use a diverse array of research studies, expert opinions, and anecdotal evidence, which strengthens their argument.
Sandberg and Grant cite a study done by a New York University psychologist to appeal to their audience's logos. The study used objective measurements to present the differences in how people perceive their men and women co-workers. To explain why such discrepancies exist, Sandberg and Grant quote a Harvard professor, who observed that women do what is termed "office housework," administrative duties that often go unnoticed or unappreciated. Another study from a University of California Hastings professor supports this finding. All of these studies return to Sandberg and Grant's point that women are overworked in the workplace. It also makes their hotly debated argument more logical and objective.
In order to appeal to their audience's ethos, Sandberg and Grant also include anecdotes from women in the workplace. They use narrative to describe one woman's efforts, only for them to culminate in nothing. This source humanizes their argument and also provides a moment for readers to connect personally with the central claim.
Overall, Sandberg and Grant deliver a well-rounded array of sources to support their arguments.
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